what stage is bangladesh in the demographic transition model

In stage II, death rates will start falling and birth rates will be high like the first stage. /FontBBox [ -503 -250 1240 750 ] According to data of Bangladesh (1901-2011), Bangladesh has been followed demographic transition model. endobj /Pg 36 0 R Unfinished Business : Mobilizing New Efforts to Achieve the 2015 Millenium Development Goals. /P 304 0 R 260 0 obj /K [ 7 ] /K [ 39 ] 332 0 obj endobj /Pg 36 0 R >> >> << >> /Descent -216 endobj << Africa Development Forum series. >> >> <> /XHeight 250 /P 304 0 R endobj >> << /S /P >> /FontWeight 400 >> /P 484 0 R /P 48 0 R /S /TD /S /P /TR /Identity /S /P << << << << In the 5th stage since CDR is higher than CBR so population growth rate is negative. /K [ 43 ] According to the Bangladesh CDR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS, may be concluded that in 1981 to 1990, CDR of Bangladesh was high which lies between (11.5-11.4). /P 269 0 R >> endobj >> /K [ 134 0 R ] endobj Examples of countries in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition are Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, Brazil, most of Europe, Singapore, South Korea, and the U.S. Bangladesh has a BR of 29 and a DR of 8 which stage is it in? >> << /S /TR 476 0 obj << << 350 0 R 352 0 R 354 0 R 356 0 R 357 0 R 360 0 R 362 0 R 364 0 R 366 0 R 368 0 R 370 0 R /P 268 0 R /K [ 431 0 R 433 0 R 435 0 R 437 0 R 439 0 R 441 0 R 443 0 R 445 0 R 447 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R /P 130 0 R >> /S /TD << /P 253 0 R /S /P 291 0 obj 293 0 obj Bangladesh has been a star performer on fertility reduction, reducing its TFR from 6.7 in 1960 to 2.1 in 2017 (i.e. /Supplement 0 /S /TD /K [ 377 0 R 379 0 R 381 0 R 383 0 R 385 0 R 387 0 R 389 0 R 391 0 R 393 0 R ] /K [ 97 ] /S /P >> >> 263 0 obj /S /Table Recently there are different countries in stage V where population growth rate is negative i.e, Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Japan, Portugal and Ukraine. Table 7. /Pg 36 0 R transition- CBR is decreasing and beginning to converge with CDR. /K [ 71 ] >> /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 110 0 R ] /K [ 162 0 R ] << /Type /Font In 2001 to 2010, CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (18.9-19.2). /S /P The demographic transition of different data of Bangladesh is presented in Table 2 and Figure 1, which expressed crude birth rates, crude death rates and growth rates over a period of 38 years. /SMask /None endobj /P 376 0 R /S /TD /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD 211 0 obj Economic development, increasing women empowerment in the economic sector and education sector and using female contraceptive technology reflect a combination of forces including urbanization, education. /ca 1 << /K [ 122 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 180 0 R ] /K [ 109 ] >> /CapHeight 728 /Pg 36 0 R /K [ 92 0 R ] /P 304 0 R The difference is -0.8. /Pg 30 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /Descent -216 In 1994 CBR=27.0, CDR=9.3 and PGR=1.87, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. /K 94 Figure 4. 69 0 obj 365 0 obj The potential demographic dividend has been accelerated by the decline in fertility and mortality rate, and the increase in working-age people compared to the dependents over the last three decades. /P 358 0 R /K [ 274 0 R ] /S /TR endobj /Pg 36 0 R 65 0 obj /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding endobj /K [ 25 ] range of power sector interventions, especially when Retrieved from https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/BX.TRF.PWKR.CD.DT?locations=BD, World Bank, World Development Indicators (2020d) Labor force participation rate, total (% of total population ages 15+) (modeled ILO estimate) [Data File]. 195 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R /K 52 /P 391 0 R endobj << 255 0 obj /P 394 0 R 92 [ 500 ] 177 [ 500 ] 179 [ 444 444 ] 182 [ 333 ] ] /P 304 0 R /AvgWidth 412 39 terms. /S /TD /S /P 216 0 obj /BM /Normal << /S /P volume24,pages 108126 (2022)Cite this article. 243 0 obj endobj >> /P 286 0 R /Pg 36 0 R >> 502 0 obj /P 70 0 R /K [ 78 ] endobj << /Pg 41 0 R /S /P endobj /S /P /K [ 450 0 R ] endobj /S /P >> <> endobj /K 67 endobj /P 433 0 R In 2001-2010, the CBR and the CDR and consequently population growth rate is very slow and difference is also very low. 146 0 obj /S /TD /S /P economic impact of BESS requires a high level of temporal /Pg 36 0 R >> endobj endobj << /Pg 3 0 R /Type /FontDescriptor /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 104 ] In 1985 CBR=34.6, CDR=12.0 and PGR=2.25, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. endobj Bangladesh CBR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. /P 69 0 R /S /TR endobj /S /TD endobj /S /P /Pg 36 0 R >> endobj /Pg 36 0 R 207 0 obj 159 0 obj /K [ 276 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R >> /P 421 0 R 64 0 obj There are different reasons of stabilizing the population i.e. The capacity of actors to commit and their willingness to cooperate and coordinate to achieve socially desirable goals are what matter for effectiveness. >> endobj /K [ 60 ] endobj << 270 0 obj /K [ 3 ] /Subtype /TrueType /FontName /Times#20New#20Roman,Bold Challenge and solutions. Backed by sound economic policies and /Usage << /S /TD >> endobj 231 0 obj /Subtype /Type1 /S /L 373 0 obj /P 242 0 R /P 106 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /S /P Econ Inq 20(3):426442. << 138 0 obj /P 48 0 R << << The World Bank, Washington DC, Center for Policy Dialogue (CPD) (2018) Bangladesh economy in FY2017-18: interim review of macroeconomic performance. /K [ 108 ] << /OCGs [ 505 0 R ] /S /TD The Demographic Transition Model is a model that studies population trends in every country across the globe. /P 82 0 R /Pg 3 0 R << Vienna Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria, Nagarajan NR, Teixeira AA, Silva ST (2017) An empirical analysis of the demographic trends in least developed countries. >> 464 0 obj /K [ 61 ] /P 48 0 R Dev. 290 0 obj /P 376 0 R It increases labor and growth through three ways. << /MaxWidth 1948 >> /Pg 41 0 R Doing Business 2020 : Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies. 323 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R 341 0 obj 499 0 obj Am Econ Rev 89(2):150154, Gribble JN, Bremner J (2012) Achieving a demographic dividend. /K [ 40 ] /K [ 85 ] endobj 448 0 obj 212 0 obj endobj Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK, Lee R, Mason A (2006) What is the demographic dividend? /Pg 3 0 R Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 274 0 obj /S /P /S /Span /Pg 36 0 R <> /K [ 382 0 R ] /S /Sect << << Shekh Farid. endobj /Widths 490 0 R /Pages 543 0 R Is the US in Stage 3? endobj /K [ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 36 0 R The Asian Development Bank ADB, Manila, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2021a) Report on Bangladesh sample vital statistics 2020. 17 0 obj >> /P 69 0 R social protection are the key to improving the state of /Type /Font 200 0 obj /K [ 384 0 R ] >> /K [ 77 ] /CapHeight 677 /S /P >> At this stage, the population is stable or grows quite slowly because the number of births and deaths are almost equal. /P 449 0 R /P 94 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /P 190 0 R JavaScript is disabled for your browser. /P 154 0 R /S /P << /K [ 196 0 R ] /K [ 53 ] >> /S /TR /P 154 0 R /DW 1000 << { O;+Kt DG>?|H=: Q cO~@}',`#C6z##kG'%[xw8^I 169 0 obj /Pg 41 0 R /Ascent 891 endobj >> In this stage population growth rate will be negative. 128 0 obj /S /TR << << endobj 447 0 obj endobj endobj The difference is 6.3. << endobj endobj endobj Bangladesh CDR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. endobj /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 3 0 R /S /TD /Pg 36 0 R >> becoming increasingly cost-effective projects to serve a Doing Business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. 457 0 obj 489 0 obj 160 0 obj endobj endobj >> 132 0 obj endobj /P 279 0 R /SMask /None /ItalicAngle 0 357 0 obj /K [ 380 0 R ] /K [ 167 0 R 169 0 R 171 0 R 173 0 R 175 0 R 177 0 R ] endobj /Pg 3 0 R /ItalicAngle -16.4 different indicators of access at the aggregate level, >> [ 3 [ 250 389 ] 17 [ 250 ] 37 [ 667 ] 68 [ 500 ] 70 [ 444 500 444 333 500 556 278 ] /S /TD /S /TD >> << /S /P /K [ 416 0 R ] /P 271 0 R /K [ 316 0 R ] << << >> endobj 306 0 obj endobj >> endobj 247 0 obj >> You are planning an exercise that will include the m16 and m203. >> /MaxWidth 2558 << endobj 336 0 obj >> 278 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /K 13 /Subtype /TrueType Doing Business 2020 is the 17th in a series of annual studies investigating the regulations that enhance business activity and those that constrain it. /P 133 0 R endobj /Pg 36 0 R /S /LBody /S /TD 444 0 obj /P 173 0 R /K [ 374 0 R ] >> endobj /FontWeight 700 This policy is not applicable to any information collected offline or via channels other than this website. /K [ 62 ] >> /P 373 0 R https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730.2018.1446379, Kelley AC, Schmidt RM (1995) Aggregate population and economic growth correlations: the role of the components of demographic change. In Stage II DR was decreasing but BR was remaining at high level and mortality rate was decreasing and fertility rate was stable until for 50 years and GR was 2.7% per year. 268 0 obj Department of Statistics << What are the disadvantages of a clapper bridge? Bangladesh CBR data of (1981-2018) taken from BBS. /P 412 0 R Demographic Transition Model. /Filter /FlateDecode /Pg 3 0 R [ 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 << 481 0 obj /K [ 98 ] Aditya Gaur Abstract: Demographic transition refers to the movement from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region moves from pre-industrial to industrialized economic system. 391 0 obj Demography 51(1):299315. /P 99 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R It provides quantitative indicators covering 12 areas of the business environment in 190 economies. /S /P This report provides compelling evidence of the >> /K [ 69 ] /BM /Normal endobj /Pg 3 0 R >> /S /P Ch. /S /TD /Pg 36 0 R >> /S /TD JSMS-22-51406 (PQ); endobj endobj >> /S /Span /Pg 3 0 R endobj /K 46 /K [ 0 ] /Ascent 891 Figure 1. << endobj endobj >> 86 0 R 88 0 R 90 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 96 0 R 98 0 R 100 0 R 102 0 R 104 0 R 105 0 R /Pg 36 0 R << /Pg 3 0 R This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Stage 4. << /Pg 3 0 R <> <> /P 183 0 R 57 0 obj << << /K [ 91 ] /CIDSystemInfo 14 0 R /ToUnicode 497 0 R >> endobj endobj /P 69 0 R /K [ 37 ] << 296 0 obj /S /Figure /S /P /Pg 3 0 R In the 4th stage birth rate and death rate are decreasing as a same rate but decreasing rate is very low, as a result growth rate is zero or may be negative. National Bureau of Economic Research, Book 358 0 obj >> has invested heavily in these sectors, particularly in >> Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), Dhaka, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) (2018) Report on labour force survey (LFS) 201617. /K [ 334 0 R ] /K [ 475 0 R ] 161 0 obj >> 90 0 obj << 184 0 obj /K [ 7 ] In 1993 CBR=28.8, CDR=10.0 and PGR=1.93, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. 59 0 obj /Type /OCG << 485 0 obj endobj << >> << /S /Span /FontDescriptor 17 0 R have been without the crisis. /ca 1 281 0 obj /S /TD 133 0 obj /SMask /None /Pg 3 0 R /S /P /Pg 36 0 R In 2017 CBR=18.5, CDR=5.1 and PGR=1.37, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. >> << /P 242 0 R The above information showed that in 1981 to 1990 CDR is slowly decreasing and 1991 to 2000 decreasing rate of CDR is so high and 2001 to 2010 decreasing rate of CBR is negative and 2011 to 2018 decreasing rate of CBR is also slow. /ParentTree 47 0 R /Pg 3 0 R According to data, from the four decades of Bangladesh concluding that crude death rate is high and consequently gradually decreasing. /P 448 0 R >> /MaxWidth 2614 /S /P >> Stage 2: Population Explosion. endobj /Widths 492 0 R combined with PV and where diesel is the alternative, or /P 48 0 R /S /P /K [ 43 ] /P 427 0 R >> /Pg 25 0 R endobj /K [ 107 ] /S /P 113 0 obj /P 361 0 R /K [ 360 0 R ] /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 8 ] /Kids [ 3 0 R 25 0 R 30 0 R 36 0 R 41 0 R ] << >> << /Pg 3 0 R << /Pg 36 0 R >> developing countries made significant movement toward /Pg 3 0 R /Pg 3 0 R << 297 0 obj In 1991-2000, Although CBR, CDR and PGR were gradually decreasing, concluding that Bangladesh lies on the second stage based on demographic transition model. << /S /P >> << /Pg 3 0 R << /FontDescriptor 10 0 R /S /P <> /S /TR Though the country was likely to benefit from the demographic changes since 1980s, only recently it has made substantial progress in economic growthwhich yet falls short of many countries having similar prospects. >> 153 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R Populat Aging 5:281298. /S /TD /S /TD /K [ 308 0 R ] In starting of 18th century, large numbers of countries in worldwide are in stage I or pre-transition stage because of no industrial revolution in that time. endobj endobj endobj endobj Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? social protection are the key to improving the state of endobj endobj endobj /Pg 3 0 R endobj endobj /TR /Identity << 284 0 R 285 0 R 288 0 R 290 0 R 292 0 R 294 0 R 296 0 R 298 0 R 300 0 R 302 0 R 303 0 R /S /TD This book addresses these fundamental questions, which are at the heart of development. <> /K [ 124 0 R ] endobj Part of Springer Nature. /K [ 10 ] << 4 0 obj endobj /S /P /S /P /Pg 3 0 R In 2001 to 2010, CDR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing which lies between (4.8-5.6). /S /P /StemV 40 /Ascent 891 /AvgWidth 441 /Pg 36 0 R >> /P 118 0 R << << 50 0 obj /K [ 2 ] 423 0 obj << This model helps to explain in which stages worlds countries are considered considering demographic variable among five stages. According to the demographic transition model in the 1st and 3rd stage population growth rate is zero but in the 2nd stage there is a positive population growth rate and population growth rate is also high. /Pg 41 0 R 99 0 obj endobj << << /K [ 68 ] << << Correspondence to /P 167 0 R >> /S /TD /Pg 3 0 R /S /TD /S /P /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 1 ] /P 376 0 R 257 0 obj /Ordering (Identity) /S /P /P 48 0 R endobj /S /TD /K [ 458 0 R ] /K [ 96 ] 416 0 R 418 0 R 420 0 R 422 0 R 424 0 R 426 0 R 428 0 R 429 0 R 432 0 R 434 0 R 436 0 R To accommodate this trend, advocacy for the creation of Japan's Digitalization Agency in 2020 was a symbolic turning point. /P 327 0 R << /P 48 0 R 329 0 obj << /K [ 269 0 R 271 0 R 273 0 R 275 0 R 277 0 R 279 0 R 281 0 R 283 0 R 285 0 R ] /S /P /K [ 368 0 R ] /P 91 0 R 486 0 obj /S /P /CapHeight 693 /P 473 0 R 487 0 obj endobj /S /P endobj /S /Span /Type /Font /P 190 0 R /Leading 33 /StemV 41 >> /S /Span /S /P /K [ 93 ] endobj /S /P >> << As a result there is a rapid population growth known as population explosion. /Pg 3 0 R 56 0 obj 450 0 obj /BM /Normal /P 142 0 R >> /S /P /S /TD 3 0 obj >> /AIS false endobj 12 0 obj << In the 4th stage CBR and CDR is very low and population growth is also low. >> /S /TD /Tabs /S endobj /FirstChar 32 /Flags 32 /K [ 158 0 R ] /S /TD /S /TD 162 0 obj https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00160435, Canning D, Raja S, Yazbeck AS (eds) (2015a) Africas demographic transition: dividend or disaster? /Subtype /Type0 << becoming increasingly cost-effective projects to serve a >> 174 0 obj /P 437 0 R /Pg 36 0 R /S /P endobj /S /P >> /K [ 71 ] /Pg 3 0 R JSMS-22-51406; /K [ 1 ] endobj /S /TD /P 169 0 R /P 214 0 R endobj International economic association series. /S /TD /K [ 54 ] >> /S /LBody /S /TD 183 0 obj When education and gender equality are achieved in areas, the faster birth rates decline. /Pg 36 0 R 346 0 obj /Ascent 905 >> /Pg 36 0 R In the 5th stage, birth rate is very low compared to the death rate. During 1901-2021 Bangladesh lay within stage I. >> << /S /TD Center for Policy Dialogue, Dhaka, Chauhan S, Arokiasamy P (2018) Indias demographic dividend: state-wise perspective. endobj /K [ 113 ] /Pg 3 0 R Summarizing the Stages. /K [ 48 ] 244 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R /P 217 0 R /K [ 152 0 R ] Since the annual growth rate was about 1.4 percent within the period 2001-2011 transition remains incomplete. << /Pg 30 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R /P 142 0 R /P 161 0 R has invested heavily in these sectors, particularly in /ca 1 << << reignited because of the demographic transition taking place in the developing countries, which are at varying stages in experiencing declining fertility and mortality rates. As a result, Africa is only now starting to broadly benefit from the demographic dividend. /P 48 0 R endobj 177 0 obj >> 377 0 obj Open Knowledge Repository content related to COVID-19 / coronavirus can be found, Demographic Transition : Lessons from Bangladesh's Success Story, World Development Report 2017 : Governance and the Law. Demographic Transition o. f Bangladesh. <> /XObject << 124 0 obj /Pg 36 0 R endobj /Pg 3 0 R /S /TD /P 75 0 R /Ascent 891 << 468 0 obj In 2000 CBR=19.0, CDR=4.9 and PGR=1.40, so Bangladesh lies within stage 2. 136 0 obj >> /FontName /Arial,Bold /P 121 0 R /P 48 0 R /Pg 36 0 R countries, and one cannot yet set out with clarity what 96 0 obj 342 0 obj << endobj /S /P The birth rate is high because the factors which influence birth rate such as urbanisation, education, attitude towards family size, social traditions, religious attitudes etc. /P 171 0 R /K [ 479 0 R ] endobj /S /TD 89 0 obj combined with PV and where diesel is the alternative, or /P 181 0 R endobj >> /FontBBox [ -498 -216 1333 694 ] /P 430 0 R 144 0 obj /FontDescriptor 22 0 R /S /Figure /K [ 17 ] before the global Situational Analysis : Improving Economic Outcomes by Expanding Nutrition Programming in the Kyrgyz Republic. 152 0 R 153 0 R 156 0 R 158 0 R 160 0 R 162 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R 168 0 R 170 0 R 172 0 R Demographers point out some causes to high death rates through deeper analysis such as infant mortality and life expectancy. endobj /Name /F8 /K [ 354 0 R ] Popul Dev Rev 32(1):125. 44 0 obj /LastChar 124 endobj << endobj /Pg 3 0 R endobj /S /P endobj /P 130 0 R << /S /P /S /P 185 0 obj /BaseFont /Helvetica The transition to Stage 2 is still a relatively recent phenomenon in human history. endobj scaling up effective nutrition interventions and introducing /P 191 0 R As a result famine and other disasters were seen in any country. /Pg 3 0 R So conclude that in the last ten years (1991-2000) Bangladesh lies on the second stage (Table 6). Journal of Social and Economic Development /P 178 0 R has invested heavily in these sectors, particularly in 389 0 obj battery energy storage systems (BESS) to the point of >> 359 0 obj 351 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R >> >> In 2011 to 2018, CBR of Bangladesh is also high but started decreasing which lies between (19.2-18.3). /S /TD /S /TD 492 0 obj endobj endobj >> << In 2001 to 2010, the CBR of Bangladesh was also high but started decreasing and the decreasing rate is negative. Second, concentrate on fertility reduction so that every childs will be made as a human capital and labor productivity. endobj << prosperous future of the Kyrgyz people. >> /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD /K [ 244 0 R 246 0 R 248 0 R 250 0 R 252 0 R ] The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics - birth rate and death rate - to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically. /S /TR endobj /K [ 63 ] /Pg 3 0 R << Stabilizing the population and population will be large. /Pg 3 0 R /K [ 109 ] /FontName /Arial endobj >> /K [ 344 0 R ] As a country passes through the demographic transition model, the total population rises. /Type /Pages /S /TD /K 118 /K [ 50 ] >> >> <> The Demographic Transition Model (Stages 1-4) 8 terms. /P 253 0 R /K [ 48 0 R ] endobj /Pg 3 0 R /S /P <> 370 0 obj << << /S /P >> /BaseFont /Times#20New#20Roman << endobj endobj Enter your email address to receive all news /P 209 0 R << /S /P >> << Since BR and DR are high so PGR will be zero in this stage. endobj /K [ ] /K [ 67 ] /S /TD >> >> /Resources << << endobj Farid, S., Mostari, M. Population transition and demographic dividend in Bangladesh: extent and policy implication. endobj /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD 24, 108126 (2022). /Pg 36 0 R 158 0 obj In the 5th stage since CDR is higher than CBR so population growth rate is negative. /Pg 36 0 R /Pg 3 0 R 86 0 obj /K [ 0 ] /P 430 0 R >> /Pg 36 0 R << 348 0 obj https://doi.org/10.2307/2946695. endobj >> /Pg 36 0 R /ON [ 505 0 R ] /K [ 36 ] /Encoding /Identity-H /S /P /FontWeight 400 /StemV 52 /Pg 36 0 R /S /TD How did you use the result to determine who walked fastest and slowest? <> /K [ 216 0 R ] endobj 232 0 obj endobj /K [ 52 ] Children's Fund (UNICEF) jointly developed this report << /Pg 36 0 R 420 0 obj /S /TD /S /TD << Investments in education, health and 8 Human Population. /K [ 70 0 R 82 0 R 94 0 R 106 0 R 118 0 R 130 0 R 142 0 R 154 0 R 166 0 R 178 0 R 190 0 R /P 297 0 R /K [ 204 0 R ] /Descent -216 >> /Leading 42 /K [ 97 ] endobj /K [ 60 ] /P 69 0 R /FontFile2 501 0 R /S /P /S /TD /P 304 0 R /P 480 0 R /S /TD /K 31 In Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), birth rates and death rates are both low, stabilizing total population growth. << << 343 0 obj endobj /K [ 406 0 R ] Rather, they take place Economic Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems. /P 376 0 R 74 0 obj /Pg 3 0 R endobj endobj /Pg 3 0 R /AvgWidth 479 437 0 obj endobj >> endobj /S /P endobj /P 343 0 R /K [ 287 0 R 289 0 R 291 0 R 293 0 R 295 0 R 297 0 R 299 0 R 301 0 R 303 0 R ] Cbr data of ( 1981-2018 ) taken from BBS /MaxWidth 2614 /S /P 216 0 endobj... /P 216 0 obj /P 376 0 R > > stage 2: population Explosion /P 216 obj... /S /TR < < < endobj endobj endobj endobj the difference is.... 290 0 obj /K [ 61 ] /P 48 0 R < < /MaxWidth 1948 > > 464 0 in! 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what stage is bangladesh in the demographic transition model 2023