There would also be an abbey of monks to pray for their souls. Eugnie settled in England after the Fall of the Second Empire in 1870, making Farnborough her home between 1884 and 1920. Smyth, Daudet and Filon testify to the empresss integrity. They purchased the house at Farnborough Hill in 1927 and commissioned Adrian Gilbert Scott to design additional school buildings which included the stunning School Chapel. The latter spaces contain copies of the side panels of Rubenss Descent from the Cross in Antwerp Cathedral. The interior is serenely beautiful and immensely grand, owing to the consistent use of internal masonry, the elegant simplicity of the moulded piers, and moving from west to east the magisterial succession of elaborate vaulting types. The silk hangings survive from that time, but the room has otherwise been stripped of its original contents. Article. ", "[Geraghty's]beautifully illustrated book reconstructs what the house, collections, and mausoleum were like before 1920. It was not lessened by the fall of the Second Empire; Victoria often visited Eugnie at Chislehurst and then when she moved to Farnborough (Hampshire). You know how great are the affection and friendship which I feel for you, wrote the queen, and you will, I hope, understand that for a few hours I have been feeling anxious for you. Someone who still insisted on styling herself Empress Eugnie although never empress of the French might easily have joined Plon-Plon in the Conciergerie. Unable to enlarge the mortuary chapel at Chislehurst, she had found a site at Farnborough where she could build a great church dedicated to St Michael, patron saint of France, with a crypt in which their bodies and her own would lie. It features depictions of the empress of France, Eugnie de Montijo, and eight of her ladies-in-waiting. She also acquired a gramophone, which Filon thought one of the most perfect I ever heard; she told him, it enables me to listen to entire operas without leaving my home. She also took in Prince Victor Napoleon and his wife and children when they had to flee from Belgium. The Grand Salon, however, was completely re-cast by Destailleurs son Walter, also an architect, in the first decade of the 20th century. She often wrote to Eugnie, especially after her son Crown Prince Rudolph shot himself and his mistress at Mayerling in 1889. Eugnie sent the entire contents of the villa to Farnborough, where they furnished the house from top to bottom. It was to England that the Imperial family fled after the fall of the Second Empire, their first residence being at Camden Place in Chislehurst. They shared similar views on foreign affairs, Victoria becoming increasingly pro-French, a development which an angry Bismarck attributed to Eugnie. Over the years there has been further expansion, all of it in keeping with this Grade One listed building. In short, she conceived the Mausoleum as a royal chantry, as kings and queens had done for centuries before her, especially in her native Spain. There is a story that she showed him just what she wanted by tracing the churchs outline on the turf with her walking-stick. The empress Eugnie and the imperial vestments at St Michael's Abbey, Farnborough. Her best epitaph, however, is a dedication found by Ethel in a copy of Lord Roseberys Napoleon I: the Last Phase, which the author had presented to Eugnie: To the surviving Sovereign of Napoleons dynasty, who has lived on the summits of splendour, sorrow. Also returned were her collections of Louis XVI furniture and Svres porcelain from Compigne, and the Gobelin tapestries of Don Quixote from the Villa Eugnie. Among them were the Golden Rose, paintings by Winterhalter (including that of herself with her ladies), by Mme Vige-Lebrun (of Marie-Antoinette and of the dauphin) and by David. Her most important act of memorialisation, however, was the Mausoleum that she built within sight of the house in 188388. , including electric lightbulbs and the telephone. In 1857, using money given to Eugnie as a wedding gift from the City of Paris, she established the Foundation Eugne Napolon, a boarding for impoverished French girls. Isabel remained devoted to the empress for the rest of her life, her diaries and reminiscences in The Times complementing Ethels memoirs. It really is that good, A spectacular Georgian mansion for the 21st century comes to the market at 30 million. One hundred years after her death, Eugnies remarkable foundation looks securely to the future. 186 "Anthony Geraghty thoroughly chronicles Eugnies efforts to memorialize the legacy of her family and the Second Empire in, "This is a sad story told with exceptional scholarship, wit and humanity; the book itself is a ravishingly beautiful object. These visits were particularly focused upon in contemporary paintings. Eugnies private rooms were located at the south end of the house, in what had been the principal reception rooms in Longmans time. Empress Eugenie: A footnote history. Quite what the Spanish-born Empress made of this is difficult to determine. This had six cabins but anybody unwise enough to accept an invitation to go for a cruise regretted it, since the boat rolled horribly. I am alone now, Eugnie wrote to her blind old mother at Madrid early in September 1879, in a country where I am forced to live and die. She described herself as truly crushed. Home History of the Two Empires Iconography Funeral of Empress Eugenie, the procession Farnborough with Prince Victor Napoleon and his wife following the coffin, 20 July 1920. . Eugenie continued to live for many years at Farnborough Hill. In 1888 alone she was visited at Farnborough by King Oscar of Sweden, King Luis of Portugal, the Crown Prince of Italy and Empress Frederick of Germany, who still remembered with pleasure her visit as the young Princess Royal to Eugnie in Paris over forty years before. I see in every article of this peace a little egg, a nucleus of more wars. Although she failed to keep her shrine to the patrimony of the so-called fourth dynasty, the Bonapartes, intact, Eugnie did manage to alleviate the morbidity and solitude of her final years with foreign travel, constant entertaining, active support for the war effort and the pleasure of seeing Alsace-Lorraine, annexed by the Germans in 1871, returned to France in 1918. Geraghty repeatedly cites Lucien Daudets Proustian account in 1920 of how visitors to Farnborough could feel the sentimental charge in every object on display: for the Empress Eugnie had brought the past into their own time; her long life enabled it to remain present; with her departure, the past was about to return the past. Her efforts to commemorate Bonapartes during the Third Republic bear comparison with Frances other exiled dynasties, such as the Orlans princes, whose mortal remains were eventually transferred back from Weybridge to Dreux. Her neck is fleshless, her hands are the hands of a skeleton. She was, after all, ninety-three. Ethel Smyths account of Eugnie, largely ignored by French historians, is telling. She watched events in France but took no part in politics although she still thought that a Bonapartist restoration was not impossible the Third Republic was riven by scandal and royalism was in steep decline, while Plon-Plon had died in 1891. Aprs vous, ma soeur. Eugnies manner towards Victoria was not unlike that of an unembarrassed but attentive child talking to its grandmother, said Ethel Smyth, who saw them curtsy to each other. From the outset, however, Eugnie conceived the Mausoleum as much more than a building. Eugnie maintained diligent oversight of the foundation, ensuring they had good diets and that there was fresh water, central heating, and green outdoor spaces. Telephone: +44 (0)1252 546105, ext.211 Fax: +44 (0)1252 372822 Website: www.farnboroughabbey.org Print Return to top Share it Its quite dramatic enough without it.. There was even antagonism on the right, and not just from royalists. Anything she wore, such as the crinoline, was copied across Europe. It seemed that her central source of torment was the welfare of the needy or sick. These were purchased during the Second Empire and displayed in the chapel at the Tuileries Palace in Paris. The suite begins with the Grand Salon, which was located in what had previously been the dining room. Despite a cut on her face and blood on her dress, the imperial couple arrived at the opera only slightly late. Farnborough is a town in northeast Hampshire, England, part of the borough of Rushmoor and the Farnborough/Aldershot Built-up Area. I am left alone, the sole remnant of a shipwreck I cannot even die (. Moreover, as a Spaniard, she set a particularly high value on praying for the dead. She displayed selfless courage as she and her husband risked their lives to visit hospital patients. The devastating cholera epidemics between 1865-66 brought Eugnie closer than ever to the French people. This was likewise conceived around the Gobelins tapestries, the largest of which were displayed here. European Architecture, Art: ", "Architectural historian Anthony Geraghty is the first scholar to treat the complex at Farnborough as a single entity, offering a careful dissection of the house, the collectionsinside and the mausoleum. Empress Eugnie lived here from 1880 until her death in 1920. The sensational collections of the Sassoon family, Joan Mitchell Foundation sends cease-and-desist to Louis Vuitton, The week in art news heritage sites destroyed by earthquakes in Turkey and Syria, The week in art news flat owners overlooked by Tate Modern win privacy case. Accompanied by the Duke of Alba and another great nephew, the Duke of Pearanda, the body of the last empress of the French travelled back by train and ferry to her English home. The crowd at Louis-Napolons funeral was estimated to have been around 100,000. The Empress is also buried there. He introduced the green and gold panelling in the style of Louis XVI, the two Classical columns and the new bay window. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'thesocialtalks_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',158,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-thesocialtalks_com-medrectangle-4-0'); Her courage was also displayed when she and Napoleon survived an assassination attempt in 1858 on the way to the opera. Farnborough was founded in Saxon times and is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086. When Victoria died in 1901, it was an immense loss to Eugnie, and she grieved for the friend with whom she could speak freely about their life experiences. The apse originally contained the monks stalls, but the community subsequently purchased an organ by the celebrated Parisian builder Cavaill-Coll and the monks now occupy the north transept. Eugnie (1826-1920) Empress of the French and wife of Napoleon III who, by her elegance and charm, contributed largely to the brilliancy of the imperial regime and showed calmness and courage in the face of the rising tide of revolution. Many are under the impression that certain of her qualities were only acquired in old age, wrote Ethel. She hates prejudice in her eyes Catholics, Jews and Protestants are equal members of humanity. He mentions her love of handsome people for her, as for the Greeks, beauty, intelligence and goodness are inseparable. However, a Spanish doctor performed the operation without an anaesthetic, restoring her sight completely. Yet I could see at once that even now this pitiful frame was ruled by a vigorous, tenacious, proud spirit. Still defending the Second Empire, she asked him, Dont you agree that the World War completely justifies my view that [Imperial] France remained capable of putting up a fight after Sedan? She said she was looking forward to revisiting Spain the next spring. Sadly, Daudet never presented Proust, who might have immortalised her in the way that he did Princesse Mathilde. Distributed for Paul Holberton Publishing, 272 pages When his system of wireless communication was established in Canada, she was the first person after Edward VII to whom he transmitted a message. It was primarily the secular buildings of the French Renaissance that were celebrated at this time, however. The history of the School itself began in 1889 when The Religious of Christian Educationestablished a convent school in Farnborough. In June 1920 the empress went to Spain by sea, sailing from Marseilles to Gibraltar. He had settled in Croydon, supporting himself by writing until he went blind, and left a book to be published after Eugnies death Souvenirs sur lImpratrice Eugnie. Eventually they left, leaving the abbey in a state of squalor. Their hostess did not even notice and had lost none of her taste for stormy weather, having herself tied in a chair to the mainmast when rounding the Mull of Kintyre in a high sea. Anthony Geraghty looks at the house she adapted as the final seat of the French Second Empire. Bonaparte eagles and bees abound, even in the Romanesque crypt where there is royal as well as imperial symbolism, with a high altar dedicated to St Louis, to proclaim the Bonapartes claim to be the fourth dynasty and the legitimate successors of the Bourbons as rulers of France. On three occasions, she was declared Regent - during the 1859 Italian War, when Napoleon was unwell in 1865. and for a final time in 1870 and presided over ministerial meetings. The complex as a whole is now called St Michaels Abbey. Empress Eugenie: A footnote history. The complex vault that surmounts the apse begins with vertical wall mouldings, which, as they rise between the rose windows, detach themselves from the wall. A lesbian (and a future admirer of Virginia Woolf), Ethel would cycle to Farnborough Hill in tweed knickerbockers, changing into a dress in the shrubbery. The latter was located in a completely new wing, built on by the Empress. Cardinal Bourne, archbishop of Westminster, celebrated the Mass for the Dead, the monks chanting the Dies Irae, and Abbot Cabrol gave the address. The letter convinced the Allies that Alsace-Lorraine must be returned to France. Isabel Vesey, like Ethel the unmarried daughter of a retired army officer who lived nearby, but a very different personality, became no less of a friend. Nevertheless, more than a few contemporaries thought of her as a character out of a play by Corneille, whose women are embodiments of stoicism and endurance, driven by love, honour and duty, and Admiral Jurien de La Gravire often compared her with Chimne in Le Cid. However, when it reached the Prince Imperials bedroom she nearly fainted and, asking for a chair and a glass of water, raised her veil. Farnborough Hill's setting is certainly unique. She had intended to build this at Camden Place, Chislehurst, in Kent, where the family had settled after the collapse of the imperial regime in 1870, but she faced opposition and was unable to buy enough land. The ceiling itself is flat, carried on a series of Classical colonnettes that rise from the upper surfaces of the flying ribs. Click and Collect from your local Waterstones or get FREE UK delivery on orders over 25. Napolon, Prince Imperial (Napolon Eugne Louis Jean Joseph Bonaparte; 16 March 1856 - 1 June 1879), also known as Louis-Napolon, was the only child of Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, and Empress Eugnie. Details An exploration of the little-known assemblage of art and architecture that Empress Eugnie created in Farnborough in the 1880s. Situated on the highest point in Farnborough, it has marvellous views over the surrounding countryside. Viollet-le-Duc illustrated this in his celebrated Dictionnaire raisonn de larchitecture franaise, which had been published in instalments during the Second Empire. Isabel also tells us that when Eugnie gave a young girl a pair of her own shoes, they proved to be too small, although the child only wore size 3. The remodelling of the house was also conceived around the imperial collection, the remnants of which were returned to Eugnie at exactly this moment. Preview and subscribe here. Anything she wore, such as the crinoline, was copied across Europe. Franz-Joseph met her at the station and at dinner wore the star of the Lgion dhonneur with Napoleon IIIs head given to him by the emperor long ago; she looked magnificent, her white hair crowned by a jet tiara, recalled an English friend who was present. Finally, wearing a nuns habit, she was laid to rest. She almost invariably went to bed before eleven, the tiny household bowing and curtsying to her when she retired and she herself curtsying in response, as if they were all still at the Tuileries. Get the latest updates on new releases, special offers, and media highlights when you subscribe to our email lists! The son of a famous writer and one of Marcel Prousts young friends, Lucien Daudet was a homosexual dilettante who was fascinated by the Bonapartes and had great charm, and after presenting himself to Eugnie unintroduced at the Villa Cyrnos in 1899, having arrived on a bicycle, he became almost an adopted son. She also owned one of the first motorcars in Farnborough Village. The eyes remained a heavenly blue although their keenness had been diluted, observed Cocteau. What interested her was that Miss Smyth was a composer and, always eager to overcome sex-prejudice, she did everything she could to further her career, even arranging for her to sing before Queen Victoria. A favourite anecdote of the period was when Eugnie met two orphaned children, and she replied that she would adopt and provide for them. The collection included many precious items, including furniture dating from the First Empire and previously housed in the state apartments at Fontainebleau, as well as an important sequence of Gobelins tapestries, originally made for Louis XV at Marly and showing scenes from Cervantess Don Quixote (today in Richmond, Virginia, US). But it is important to remember that the first emperor had never intended to be buried at Les Invalides. As time passed, they grumbled to each other about the infirmities of advancing age, Eugnies being rheumatism and bronchitis which, privately, she blamed on the English weather. This was a defining moment for the new regime, placing them amongst the power from the mighty empires of Europe. As such, it celebrates and idealises French culture, as well as the sovereign monarch in whose memory it was erected. During his reign Napoleon had prepared a tomb for himself in the crypt of the abbey of Saint-Denis with the kings of France, and until 1879 she had confidently assumed that he would be reinterred there, after her sons restoration. The Empress bought the Farnborough Hill estate in 1880, following a decade of personal tragedy: the collapse of the Second Empire (1852-70), the death of Napoleon III, and the loss of her only child. Therefore, he decided to make it the official color, Pantone No. Photographs by Will Pryce for the Country Life Picture Library. The funerals in their hometown of Chislehurst (Kent) drew in huge crowds, both French and English, a testament to the respect the Imperial family had gained since they arrived in England. This second community took root and flourished. She displayed selfless courage as she and her husband risked their lives to visit hospital patients. The estate was sold after Eugnies death. On the way back the party passed by the battlefield of Isandhlwana, which was still littered with British bones, and at Eugnies suggestion they spent a day burying them, shovelling earth over as many as they could, she herself wielding a spade. When the war broke out in 1914 she realised it would be long and bitter, giving her yacht Thistle to the Royal Navy and turning a wing of Farnborough Hill into a small hospital, which she maintained entirely out of her own pocket. Eugnie lived during a time of significant technological development. In 1910 she revisited Compigne, discreetly joining a guided tour. Today, Empress Eugnie should be a household name and represent patriotism, benevolence, patience. During her stay here in 1894 she went to see the dying Victor Duruy in his flat, toiling up eight flights of stairs. In reviving these funereal traditions which had been largely destroyed, not without irony, by the Napoleonic wars Eugnie created one of the last functioning chantries in Catholic Europe. echnological development. Instead she employed another Frenchman, Gabriel Destailleur, who had remodelled the chteau de Mouchy for Anna Murat and designed Waddesdon for the Rothschilds. In 1880, the Empress Eugnie bought a house in Farnborough. He was shocked by her appearance. . | History We know that she was attracted to the surrounding landscape, which reminded her of the imperial palace at Compigne, and we know that she referred to the house as her cottage, which has echoes of Marie-Antoinette at the Petit Trianon. The Empress Eugnie of France died in July 1920 after spending 40 years in a house in Hampshire: Farnborough Hill, An exhibition looking at four of the giants of Victorian photography has at its centre a remarkable work by the, 'I wisely started with a map and made the story fit,' JRR Tolkien once wrote. Whether you are a private individual or a company, if you are a tax payer in France, you get tax benefits on donations to the Fondation Napolon. . The second idea pertains to Spain. After the trip Evelyn Wood remained a friend for life while she took a personal interest in the career of Arthur Bigge, whom she considered to be exceptionally able, and on her recommendation the queen made him her assistant private secretary. The site was on another knoll, opposite Farnborough Hill, separated by the London to Southampton railway line. Name variations: Eugenie de Montijo; Eugnie-Marie, Countess of Teba. In 1873 Napoleon III, nephew of the more celebrated emperor, died in disgrace at Camden Place, now the home of Chislehurst Golf Club, having endured German captivity and the disastrous defeat of his armies in the Franco-Prussian war. How can Germany earn the money to pay? She also prophesied that if England was not careful Ireland will become a second Bohemia.. She was a guest on Thistle when the kaiser came on board at Bergen in 1907, and noticed how Eugnie rather liked him, and said he is always most agreeable and charming to her. A whole sea of blue water looked into you. He also noticed her deep Spanish laugh, which conjured up the bull-ring. The little Catholic parish church at Chislehurst was obviously quite inadequate, and if the British had honoured the prince by placing a monument to him in St Georges Chapel, then in her view the French must do as well. Eugenie presided at dinner with her back to the window, the tapestries before and beside her. His whole life was commemorated in this room, from the elaborate crib that had been presented by the City of Paris in 1856 to the melancholy assemblage of items associated with his death, which were gathered together in a large ebony cabinet. The original community was soon replaced by a group of French Benedictines from Solesmes. Meeting a young scientist called Marconi, she lent him Thistle to try out his experiments between Nice and Corsica. As a result she thoroughly enjoyed herself, even going to a bullfight. Before death takes me, I should like to see my Castilian sky for a last time.. The architect was Hippolyte Destailleur was responsible for remodelling and extending the house. A new exhibition in Oxford, Netherby Hall, Cumbria: Roman foundations, a 16th century tower, a Georgian house and a very 21st century future, The strangest museum in London? This was constructed in the 1850s and remained empty until the 1950s, when it was swept away as redundant. In September 1881 the empress moved into a new and much larger house in Hampshire, Farnborough Hill, which had been built in the 1860s for Longman the publisher, on a knoll overlooking the minute but fast-growing town of that name near Aldershot. Our dear mother was deeply attached to you. Queen Alexandra often visited Farnborough, generally without warning. Find out more. Yet the historic interior that Eugnie created in the 1880s survives at its core, lovingly preserved by the school. Acknowledgements: Alexandra Neil and Clare Duffin, A sprawling house with a pair of gardens designed by some of the most brilliant minds in modern horticulture is. Eugenie would regularly go to pray beside the sarcophaguses of Scottish granite donated by Queen Victoria. The queen told her to stop calling her Your Majesty or Madame Why not sister or friend that would be so much more pleasant. Neither would precede the other through a door, gently remonstrating. Toys arent just for children, at least if a 250-year-old musical elephant at the grandest house in Buckinghamshire is anything to go by, Over the centuries Notre-Dame de Paris has become much more than a place of worship it is a symbol of a nation, This episode explores an ancient funeral stele, Marie Antoinettes breast bowl, and how digital technologies are helping to preserve Egyptian heritage sites, Grainger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo, What the art world gets wrong about craft, Every generation rewrites the past in its own image, Crowd-pleasing art in 17th-century Amsterdam. Augustin Filon passed away in the same year. Grainger Historical Picture Archive/Alamy Stock Photo. The Mausoleum is today the conventual church of the monks, who come together seven times a day in prayer. The architecture also aligns the Bona-parte family with the regal history of Europe. These canopied settees were made in Italy in 1882 and bought specially for Farnborough, but they exemplify the taste for early-Renaissance furniture that was common in France in the Second Empire. Bonaparte Destailleurs design, with its Gothic structure and Renaissance dome, was clearly informed by these debates. What impressed her most was the way betrayed, falsely accused, vilified the empress has attacked no one, nor uttered a single word in her own defence. It was her last and most effective intervention in foreign affairs. She immediately transferred ownership of the building to a religious community, the members of which, in return, were duty-bound to offer intercessory masses for the imperial dead. Itself is flat, toiling up eight flights of stairs in Paris eyes Catholics, Jews Protestants... Of art and architecture that Empress Eugnie and the new regime, placing them amongst the power from upper. 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