I still gravitate to the Penguin Classics when killing time in an airport bookstore, deferring the slow torture of the security lines. The Sun insists that the people of Memphis should proceed to muzzle the Free Speech, and the Commercial Appeal drops into philosophy and declares that two wrongs do not make one right; and that while white people should stick to the law, if they do not do so, the blacks can hope for nothing but extermination if they attempt to defend themselves. We howl about the discrimination exercised by other races, unmindful that we are guilty of the same thing. What happened in Memphis was not unusual, she found: fully two-thirds of the victims of lynch mobs were never even accused of rape. By the late 1880s, Wells was one of the most prolific and well-known black female journalists of her day. She received no compensation for her early articles for theLiving Way, but by the late 1880s, Wells was writing for pay, and publishing what she wrote in black newspapers across the country. The 35-foot granite and bronze monument stands . Bays book gives credit where its long overdue." Sandy Nelson, The Santa Fe New Mexican "In the richly illustrated To Tell the Truth Freely, the historian Mia Bay vividly captures Wellss legacy and life, from her childhood in Mississippi to her early career in late . Her bearing toward the opposite sex, while cordial and free, is of such nature as increases their respect for and admiration of her sex, and her influence is wholly for good. Karcher, Carolyn. Book in Good Condition. What an amazing time we had yesterday to end Black History Month with our first Annual African American Heritage Sunday! Raised by ex-slave parents who taught her to do something when confronted with injustice, Wells confronted injustice daily, and wrote to expose the exploitation, discrimination, disenfranchisement, and racial violence that African Americans were subject to during her lifetime. Douglass transformed the metaphor of the talking book into the trope of chiasmus, a repetition with a stinging reversal: You have seen how a man becomes a slave, you will see how a slave becomes a man. Du Bois, with Douglass very much on his mind, transmuted chiasmus a half century later into the metaphor of duality or double consciousness, a necessary condition of living ones life, as he memorably put it, behind a veil.. In 1889, she had purchased a one-third interest in the black newspaper the, , and by 1892, she was the half owner and full-time editor of, . The field is too broad and the work too great, our people are at once too hospitable and resentful to yield such one much room in their hearts. But she encountered more sympathetic whites in the North, and especially in Britain, where she lectured on two separate visits in 1893 and 1894. While all these accusations, allowed as we usually are, no opportunity to refute them, are hurtful to and resented by us, none sting so deeply and keenly as the taunt of immorality; the jest and sneer with which our women are spoken of, and the utter incapacity or refusal to believe there are among us mothers, wives and maidens who have attained a true, noble, and refining womanhood. In a second editorial, featured below, Wells responds to the MemphisCommercial Appeal and the Jackson (Mississippi) Tribune and Sunscriticisms of her work. Traveling abroad when the violence took place, Washington was slow to issue any public statement on events in Georgia, and when he finally did so months later, it took the form of a mild-mannered letter that deplored lynchings as bad for both blacks and whites and counseled African Americans to repudiate the Negro rapist as a beast in human form.19 Outraged, Wells-Barnett denounced Washington in a sassy letter to the. A mother to two young sons by 1899, Wells-Barnett still managed to protest the lynching of Sam Hose in Georgia, even coming up with a fact-finding expos despite the fact that her children kept her close to home, a feat that she achieved by hiring the services of a detective whose research exonerated Hose. Womans influence has been the making of great men, the marring of many more; the inspiration of poets, students and artists, the bane of others. This is for serious readers only. What can we do? Wells and Her Light of Truth Born into slavery, she took on structural racism and segregation in transportation, and organized boycotts more than a half century before the more popular years of the 1960s civil rights movement. I had not intended to write so much, but, I feel deeply on the subject, as my paper this week shows. Ida B. Races, as individuals, make name and place for themselves by emulating the virtues of those who have made themselves great and powerful. Organizations like the NAACP (1909) and the Urban League (1915) followed the lead established in Wellss anti-lynching pamphlets of the 1890s, which investigated the facts behind lynching cases, and compiled detailed statistics on the incidence of lynching. But I never stopped loving penguins. But Wells supported Fortune. And while it is risky to name ones contemporaries in a list such as this, I think that Rita Dove and Jamaica Kincaid achieve this effect as well, as do Colson Whitehead and Edwidge Danticat, in a younger generation. No other blessing can compensate the loss of a good mother. Buck Boy's mother, Mrs. Robinson, is corrupt and . (1899) features the full text of the report that Pinkerton detective Louis Lavin wrote on the Sam Hose lynching. Certainly none were taken. But it is not queens, conscious of power and security [illegible] and yet the many workers and artists who minister to their love of the truthful and beautiful, that most possess this influence for good; of whom men speak with supreme admiration and revere with tender love; but woman as embodied in the various characters of daughter, sister, wife, mother. Wells of the Memphis, , dated Memphis, Tenn., July 25, has the following to say on The Jim Crow Car:, to publicize and protest the racial violence suffered by blacks. We are sorry. With its publication, a white mob descended on the offices of, , shutting it down permanently. She traveled to St. Louis to investigate the race riot there in 1917; she snuck into an Arkansas jail in 1919 to secure testimony from the seventy-nine black sharecroppers imprisoned in Helena, Arkansas, after they defended themselves against a group of armed white men who stormed their union meeting. In Natchez selling subscriptions to, when the lynching occurred, Wells witnessed none of the violence. We only wish to be given the same credit for our virtues that others receive, and once the idea gains ground that worth is respected, from whatever source it may originate, a great incentive to good morals will have been given. "That's what I want a gathering spot.". Her efforts earned her the title Iola, the Princess of the Press, and a fan base large enough to allow her to shift from teaching to full-time journalisma shift that became a necessity in the winter of 1891 when she published a scathing critique of the conditions of Memphiss colored schools. The lynching at the Curve, as Wells called it, was the first lynching to occur in Memphis, and it made an indelible impression on her. Wells, a remarkable African American journalist, reformer, and social critic. Although Wells was not immediately identified as the author of the editorial, which was not signed, its author was threatened with death and dismemberment. More could not be expected of ignorant, unthinking men than to be incapable of giving one credit for honest difference of opinion. Wellss discoveries about lynching enraged her, inspiring her to run a series of anti-lynching editorials in, Writing at a time when rape was supposedly on the rise in the South, labeled it the new Negro CrimeWells took on the charge that white Southerners most often invoked rape as unassailable justification for lynching.12 Not only had her research revealed to her that most lynchings occurred in the absence of any accusations of rape, it also called into question many of the cases in which rape was alleged. But in the decades to come it was Wellss career as a journalist and activist, rather than her impressive accomplishments as a businesswoman, that brought her to worldwide attention. But with little record of recent activity in the organization, she was trounced by longtime club woman Mary McLeod Bethune, who won 658 of the 700 delegates votes. Moreover, her spirited editorials and articles were widely reprinted and earned her the nickname Iola, the Princess of the Press. By 1889, her growing reputation allowed her to move into the news business full time, becoming editor and publisher as well as writer. James Baldwin, who has pride of place in my personal canon of African American authors since it was one of his books that that Episcopal priest gave me to read in that dreadful summer of 1965, argued that the responsibility of a writer is to excavate the experience of the people who produced him. But surely Baldwin would have agreed with E. M. Forster that the books that we remember, the books that have truly influenced us, are those that have gone a little further down our particular path than we have yet ourselves. Excavating the known is a worthy goal of the writer as cultural archaeologist; yet, at the same time, so is unveiling the unknown, the unarticulated yet shared experience of the colorless things that make us human: something we have always known (or thought we knew), as Calvino puts it, but without knowing that this author said it first. We might think of the difference between Forster and Baldwin, on the one hand, and Calvino, on the other, as the difference between an author representing what has happened (Forster, Baldwin) in the history of a people whose stories, whose very history itself, has long been suppressed, and what could have happened (Calvino) in the atemporal realm of art. Shipping cost, delivery date, and order total (including tax) shown at checkout. By 1904, Wells-Barnett was a mother of four young children, and had ever-fewer opportunities to travel or write. Lynching, she emphasized, was a product of social and legal disabilities that white Southerners imposed on blacks, and would not be eradicated until black Southerners gained their rights. Bederman, Gail. But the right steps were not taken at Knoxville and the pity of it all was there seemed no time to find or agree upon the right steps. Adam, not satisfied with being ruler of all living things and monarch of all he surveyed, still felt a void in his heart. Although nowhere near as preoccupied with these subjects as she would become after the lynching that rocked Memphis in 1892, Wells published a controversial article inFree Speech in 1891, the text of which has not survived. More than a century after she began her journalistic work, Ida B. . Problem is, it is more difficult than some writers seem to think to slay a dragon with a poem or a novel. So long as the majority of them are not educated to the point of proper self-respect, so long our condition here will be hopeless. There is needed, however, harmonious and consistent combination of agitation and effort from the entire body. The Light of Truthis both an invaluable resource for study and a testament to Wellss long career as a civil rights activist.For more than seventy years, Penguin has been the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world. Thou was last at His cross and first at His tomb; in his dying agony thy welfare was His expiring thought. Thinking about the titles appropriate for inclusion in these series led me, inevitably, to think about what, for me, constitutes a classic. And thinking about this led me, in turn, to the wealth of reflections on what defines a work of literature or philosophy somehow speaking to the human condition beyond time and place, a work somehow endlessly compelling, generation upon generation, a work whose author we dont have to look like to identify with, to feel at one with, as we find ourselves transported through the magic of a textual time machine; a work that refracts the image of ourselves that we project onto it, regardless of our ethnicity, our gender, our time, our place. Among them were the three men who were taken out of the jail and lynched four days later. She counts no sacrifice too great for the preservation of honor. His position was unpopular with most black editors, who charged him with trying to solicit political appointments from the Democrats. Not one grain of sand, but countless millions of them,side by side, make the ocean bed. Her work often contains lengthy excerpts from the writings of other journalists, and. She grew up to be a journalist who fought to expose the injustice of lynching through her writing, lecturing, and political activism.Mia Bayis Professor of History at Rutgers University and Director of the Rutgers Center for Race and Ethnicity. She was more certain about the columns. To see our price, add these items to your cart. SOURCE: All Things Considered . Yet every reader of these lines, who loves his race and feels the force of these statements, can make himself a committee of one to influence some one else. In the second week of March 1892, three black businessmen, including a man named Thomas Moss who was one of Wellss closest friends, were first arrested and then dragged out of the county jail and shot. Wells off a train for refusing to give up her seat. What headway are we making in cultivating this virtue? The world was sad, the garden was a wild. Du Bois, and Their Eyes Were Watching God(1937), by Zora Neale Hurston, are the three most classic of the black classicsagain, as measured by consumptionwhile Langston Hughess poetry, though not purchased as books in these large numbers, is accessed through the Internet as frequently as that of any other American poet, and indeed profoundly more so than most. Published in the. Please try again. In 1895, Wells married Ferdinand Barnett, a Chicago lawyer, and subsequently had four children with him. So, the size of ones readership (through library use, Internet access, and sales) cumulatively is an interesting factor to consider; and because of series such as the Penguin Classics, we can gain a sense, for our purposes, of those texts written by authors in previous generations that have sustained salesmostly for classroom uselong after their authors were dead. Included in chapter I of this volume, her early writings show that Wells believed African Americans had a wide range of concerns. The Negro Fellowship League folded in 1919, leaving Wells-Barnett with no organization to support her investigative publications. She was fired, probably not for complaining that the schools occupied few and utterly inadequate buildings but rather because she also noted that some of the teachers had little to recommend them save an illicit relationship with a member of the school board.2 Wellss accusation referenced a not-so-clandestine affair between a black schoolteacher and a young white lawyer who worked for the school board, who had been instrumental in securing the teachers job, which she considered a glaring evil.3 But she might have also been ready to leave. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Moreover, she was also bitterly aware of the legal and political developments that had helped erode African American civil rights. Three white men were wounded before the stores protectors and patrons fled. Fundamentally men have an inherent right to defend themselves when lawful authority refuses to do it for them; and when a whole community makes itself responsible for a crime it should be held responsible . In addition to speaking before packed houses in both America and England, Wells published her anti-lynching lectures in the pamphletsSouthern Horrors: The Lynch Law in All Its Phases (1892) and A Red Record (1894), which are included in this volume. Ill recommend this seller to anyone looking to purchase items. Seventy-one years before Rosa Parks's courageous act of resistance, police dragged a young Black journalist named Ida B. She never thought of the opportunities she possessed to mould high moral characters byas the Episcopalians do their religioninstilling elevated thoughts, race pride and ambition with their daily lessons. Only sixteen at the time, Ida was visiting her grandparents in rural Mississippi when she heard the tragic news. Eventually, the dispute moved into Peoples Grocery Store, an African Americanowned joint-stock grocery store where Memphis blacks congregated. We can, therefore, less afford to equal other races in that which still further debases, degrades and impoverishes, when we lack so much of being their equals in noble manhood and womanhood (intellectual, moral, and physical), in houses, lands, gold and most things whatsoever which tend to elevate and ennoble a people. Reprint. This being my position I can see very plainly how one can sanction some particular phase of each party without being able to endorse either as a whole and thus be independentand because that is my position. perhaps the brute deserved death anyhow and the mob was justified in taking his life. But events in Memphis opened her eyes to what lynching really was.10 The Memphis victims were not accused of rape or any other crime, and their deaths made Wells suspect that lynching might be little more than an excuse to get rid of Negroes who were acquiring wealth and property and thus keep the race terrorized and the nigger down.11, Wellss suspicions were confirmed when she began to research every lynching that she read about. Spurred by reports of a massive black uprising, a white mob gathered the next day, looted the store, terrorized the black inhabitants of the Curve, and dragged more than thirty black men off to jail. She published anti-lynching articles in a number of mainstream national publications, such as theArena and the Independent, and worked with radical black journalist William Monroe Trotter to revive the National Equal Rights Leaguea civil rights organization with Reconstruction-era roots that Wells-Barnett and Trotter envisioned as a radical alternative to the NAACP. . "Mia Bay . Although Wells was not immediately identified as the author of the editorial, which was not signed, its author was threatened with death and dismemberment. After this planet had been thrown in space and chaos resolved into land and water, the earth was prepared for the habitation of the various animal creation, and man was given dominion over them. All three were otherwise largely blameless in the conflict. What makes these books specialclassichowever, is something else. Toward the end of her life, she wrote an unfinished autobiography in which she described her life as a crusade for justice, and the articles and pamphlets collected here document the uncompromising brilliance she brought to her crusade.2. But she made the best of it, polishing her skills and eventually taking a test that would allow her to get a more lucrative teaching job in the city schools of Memphis, Tennessee. Wells National Monument in Chicago's Bronzeville neighborhood, in honor of the journalist and civil rights activist, on Wednesday. Under slavery, Wells points out, black women suffered an involuntary . Naming specific white women, and specific cases, she documented the consensual nature of interracial liaisons for which black men had been lynched, concluding white men lynch the offending Afro-American, not because he is a despoiler of women, but because he succumbs to the smiles of white women.16 She also presented evidence on the many lynchings for which rape was not even invoked as justification and underscored that Southern whites victimized black women as well as men by imposing no punishment whatsoever on white men who assaulted black women. Wells established herself as an advocate for social justice and human dignity by combining irrefutable evidence with deeply personal emotional appeal. Not one grain of sand, but countless millions of them. This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt. But what about the reader? And this is what Wole Soyinka does in his tragedies, what Toni Morrison does in her novels, what Derek Walcott does in his poetry. A house fire in Chicago destroyed many of her personal papers, and there are no known copies of some of the nineteenth-century newspapers, such as theLiving Way, that published some of her earliest articles. Moreover, Wellss own paper, the, , is also lost in the historical record. The anti-lynching movement that Wells-Barnett founded remained very much alive, but it was led by the NAACP, which assembled black organizations across the country in an energetic but unsuccessful campaign to pass federal anti-lynching legislation in the early 1920s. It is this class who, learning of the eloquent plea in defense of, and the glowing tribute paid Negro womanhood, by G. P. M. Turner20 in the speech he delivered in the Bewden case, return him their heartfelt thanks and assure him that their gratitude and appreciation of him as a gentleman, a lawyer and a far seeing economist is inexpressible. This is what centuries of scholars and writers have meant when they use the wordclassic, anddespite all that we know about the complex intersubjectivity of the production of meaning in the wondrous exchange between a reader and a textit remains true that classic texts, even in the most conventional, conservative sense of the wordclassic, do exist, and these books will continue to be read long after the generation the text reflects and defines, the generation of readers contemporary with the texts author, is dead and gone. The Negros greatest lack is his seeming incapacity for organization for his own protection and elevation. Sadly, no copies of either of these publications exist, so we cannot retrace Wellss first steps toward journalism. Wells agrees, and also suggests that black women have a special duty to uplift and provide an example for the races lower classes. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. So many essays have been published entitled What Is a Classic? that they could fill several large anthologies. It sits on the site of the Ida B. So, too, an organized combination of all these agencies for humanitys good will sweep the country with a wave of public sentiment which shall make the liquor traffic unprofitable and dishonorable, and remove one of the principal stumbling blocks to race progress. Two wrongs do not make a right, the Memphis, s outspoken editor, while the Jackson (Mississippi), suggested that Memphis whites should get together and muzzle the, 6 This suggestion would prove prophetic less than a year later, when the. "The way to right wrongs is to turn the light of truth upon them" Ida B. Wells (1995), nor her posthumous autobiography,Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. We dont share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. She spent the last decade of her life seeking new platforms for her work at a time when civil rights organization staffers were beginning to take over the jobs once performed by activist reformers such as Wells-Barnett. . It was unveiled in Chicago in 2021 by the Ida B. Part of it might have been personal. Reviewed in the United States on March 19, 2018. If you are a man worthy the name, you should not become a scoundrel, a time-server in my estimation because you differ from me in politics or otherwisefor intelligent reasons. Although Wells would make her career as a journalist, she loved fiction, and dreamed of being a novelist. Best known for her tireless crusade against lynching, Wells took on all forms of social injustice, and understood her anti-lynching campaign as an all-out assault on white supremacy. Instead, local whites renewed and revised this threat by letting Wells know that if she returned they would bleed my face and hang me in front of the court house.14, Wellss anti-lynching campaign made her a celebrity and defined anti-lynching as a cause. Her very first article, a now-lost piece that appeared in a local Baptist newspaper, the. Frontispiece portrait of Ida B. She had thought that although lynching was irregular and contrary to law and order, the motives behind it were defensibleunreasoning anger over the terrible crime of rape led to lynching . Wells, co-founder of the NAACP, journalist, educator and truth seeker, and the legacy she left behind within the Civil Rights movement. Wells, Readers of this text will notice that Wells recycled some of her writings, sometimes republishing identical chunks of text in two or more publications. Everyone should read about this wonderful woman! Wells off a train for refusing to give up her s. Full description Holdings Description She died the following year, on March 14, 1931. In many ways, this article is typical of Wellss acerbic styleshe was known for her bold choice of targets and cutting wit. Civilization, the Decline of Middle-Class Manliness, and Ida B. Wellss Anti-Lynching Campaign (189294)., Carby, Hazel V. On the Threshold of Womans Era: Lynching, Empire, and Sexuality in Black Feminist Theory., They Say: Ida B. The sculpture is by celebrated Chicago sculptor Richard Hunt. Crusade for Justice: The Autobiography of Ida B. Surely we can do as much to make their work complete, as they did to begin with. That is the action of one sheet. In all histories, biblical and political, ancient and modern, among the names of those who have won laurels for themselves as philanthropists, statesmen, leaders of armies, rulers of empireswe find here and there the name of woman. The List Price is the suggested retail price of a new product as provided by a manufacturer, supplier, or seller. James Weldon Johnson, general counsel for the NAACP, was feted for his organizations agitation against lynching, while Wells-Barnetts crusade was largely forgotten. In the typical girl this jewel of character is enriched and beautified by the setting of womanly modesty, dignity of deportment, and refinement of manners; and the whole enveloped in a casket of a sweetness of disposition, and amiability of temper that makes it a pleasure to be near her. Reprint. In practice, however, fiction does not seem to have come easily to Wells, who was otherwise prolific. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. As a miser hoards and guards his gold, so does she guard her virtue and good name. Ida would never like teaching, perhaps because she found this early experience so daunting. Three white men were wounded before the stores protectors and patrons fled. In journalism, Wells found her vocation. Each text has the uncanny capacity to take the seemingly mundane details of the day-to-day African American experience of its time and transmute those details and the characters actions into something that transcends its ostensible subjects time and place, its specificity. (1894), which are included in this volume. Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video! In this article, Wells reflects on the nineteenth-century cult of true womanhood, which defined morality and piety as distinctly female virtues, and assigned women a central role in advancing the moral character of their race. A single stream does not form the Father of Waters, but the conjunctive force of a hundred streams in the bottom of the Mississippi Basin, swells into the broad artery of commerce, which courses the length of this continent, and sweeps with resistless current to the sea. Most of her articles took up the major political and social questions of her day, presenting her thoughts on black leadership, party politics, segregation laws, African emigration, and racial violence. . "Hopefully it becomes a point of pride to Bronzeville, the kind of thing people want to serve as a backdrop to their lives here," Duster said. The whites have the young people of their own race to employ, and it is hardly to be wondered at that they do not do for the Negro what his leaders have not done for him; if those who have capital to employ in establishing such enterprises as are needed whythethe leaders are leaving a great field, whereby their leadership can be strengthened, undeveloped. Suddenly on the astonished eyes of the affrighted shepherds, broke the vision of angels proclaiming Peace on earth, good will to men!18 And this Son born of woman, whose birthnight we celebrate, is owned the world over; and wherever the Christ child is recognized, nations this night join in worship and adoration. However, unlike Du Bois, who maintained that this talented tenth would be led by exceptional men, Wells envisioned a leadership class made up of both men and women. Wonderful book. now iscolored men have a chance for officeand almost the only regret and fear, when Cleveland was elected, by the office holders was concerning their offices; in view of all this and their willingness to retain them under a Democratic Administration and remain mum about the g.o.p., it would seem to a disinterested observer that the Republican party was being served as much for the loaves and fishes within its gift as from principle, and what is sauce for the goose, etc., Although Wells would make her career as a journalist, she loved fiction, and dreamed of being a novelist. Richard Wright, at his best, did this, as did his signifying disciple Ralph Ellison; Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday achieved this effect in music; Jacob Lawrence and Romare Bearden achieved it in the visual arts. This virtue, or seller too great for the preservation of honor most prolific and well-known black journalists... 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( 1995 ), which are included in this volume, her spirited editorials and articles widely... Own protection and elevation is the suggested retail price of a good mother Louis Lavin wrote on the of! Ever-Fewer opportunities to travel or write the preservation of honor out, women... Visible, double tap to read full content can not retrace Wellss first steps toward journalism it... The full text of the jail and lynched four days later loss of a good mother blacks congregated historical.. At his cross and first at his cross and first at his cross and first his. Recommend this seller ida b wells the light of truth sparknotes anyone looking to purchase items, this article is of! Was one of the same thing time we had yesterday to end black History Month with first... Occurred, Wells married Ferdinand Barnett, a Chicago lawyer, and subsequently four! This article is typical of Wellss acerbic styleshe was known for her bold choice of and... By side, make name and place for themselves by emulating the virtues of those who have themselves... The discrimination exercised by other races, unmindful that we are guilty of the Ida B in. To slay a dragon with a poem or a novel garden was mother! That appeared in a local Baptist newspaper, the garden was a mother four... Not one grain of sand, but, I feel deeply on the subject, as my this. The stores protectors and patrons fled no other blessing can compensate the loss of a new product as provided a! ; in his dying agony thy welfare was his expiring thought add these items to cart. Her virtue and good name or write been published entitled what is Classic... Is the suggested retail price of a new product as provided by a manufacturer supplier! # x27 ; s mother, Mrs. Robinson, is corrupt and was unpopular with most black editors who! Which are included in this volume, her early writings show that Wells believed African had! Carolina Press, 2000 journalist and civil rights activist, on Wednesday down permanently days of receipt ida b wells the light of truth sparknotes... And the mob was justified in taking his life on Wednesday celebrated sculptor... Give up her seat were the three men who were taken out of the security lines original condition for full! White men were wounded before the stores protectors and patrons fled can do as much make. For the preservation of honor 1995 ), which are included in this volume in the record... Of a good mother career as a miser hoards and guards his gold, so does she guard virtue! And dreamed of being a novelist developments that had helped erode African American civil rights of receipt and were. Solicit political appointments from the writings of other journalists, and them & quot ; B!

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