I'm, like, "Wow! MARK FAINARU-WADA: You've got the most popular sport in America basically on notice. Drawing on the book of the same name, League of Denial crafts a searing two-hour indictment of the National Football League's decades-long concealment of the link between football related head injuries and brain disorders.FRONTLINE writer, producer, and director Michael Kirk meticulously charts the uncovering of scientific evidence of the chronic brain disease, Chronic Traumatic . And you know, that wasn't fair to those kids or those parents, but especially those kids. And then to be down to a place of poverty, a place where, you know, your brain can't function to finish a sentence without some help from Ritalin or whatever you need to function for a short period of time. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. ANNOUNCER: Third down and 9, Young throws, and that's incomplete, and down! Rep. JOHN CONYERS, Jr., (D-MI), Judiciary Committee Chairman: The meeting will come to order. NARRATOR: He talked about the price he was willing to pay. You can't go against the NFL. Be sure to include an APA-style reference for each article. NARRATOR: Lisa McHale had decided to go public with her husband's story. ANN McKEE, M.D., Neuropathologist, BU CTE Center: We take it out, we weigh it, we photograph it, all the external surfaces. But unfortunately, I was I was proven wrong, you know, that it wasn't meant to be that way. APA style requires two elements for citing outside sources: Reference Citations in Text and a Reference List. NARRATOR: Mark Lovell was a member of the committee and an author on some of the studies. Log in or create an account. MARK FAINARU-WADA, FRONTLINE/ESPN: Chris Nowinski shows up and says, "Look, I'll find the brains for you. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. But upon opening his skull, Mike's brain looked normal. This committee was founded in 1994. MARK FAINARU-WADA: And that raises all sorts of questions for guys who are playing in the league, guys who played in the league, moms, kids, all of us who love football. NARRATOR: Webster was often unable able to sleep. And I'm thinking I should donate my brain to this work.". STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: So now Schwarz calls up the NFL to get a response. Maybe 10 minutes passed, and he looked at me with the same puzzled expression and asked the same sequence of questions. You love 'em wild and woolly, and you're seeing it now. NARRATOR: For Dr. McKee and others, it raised the obvious question. And let's see Minnesota has it! MARK FAINARU-WADA: What the NFL would do was they would market tapes of "Crash Course," "Moment of Impact," "Search and Destroy" in the context of describing the brutal nature of the violence of the NFL. STEVE FAINARU: Very, very quickly, she got serious pushback from Ira Casson and the rest of the committee. Popular AMA APA (6th edition) APA (7th edition) Chicago (17th edition, author-date . And that was the big discovery, I think. Steve Young apparently knocked cold, knocked out cold, walks off the field. They didn't want to admit to themselves or anybody else that our beloved sport, probably our most popular sport, could end up with brain damage. NARRATOR: It is the brain of a former football player. NARRATOR: One at a time, committee members went after Goodell. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: He began to assemble a case with Webster to basically say that Webster had suffered brain damage as a result of his 17-year career in the NFL. Universiti Putra Malaysia. HARRY CARSON: From a physical risk standpoint, you know what you are doing when you sign your kid up, that he can hurt his knee, OK? HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: The human body was not created or built to play football. Do you now acknowledge that there is a link between the game and these concussions that people have been getting, some of these brain injuries? Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. That's all I can say about that. NEWSCASTER: He was arrested for forging 19 prescriptions for Ritalin, which he used to combat the erratic behavior caused by. Probably the most hurtful charge that's been leveled against her is that she's crossed a line from scientist to activist. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's . He soon replaced the rheumatologist Dr. Elliot Pellman and promoted the neurologist Dr. Ira Casson. Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. (Producer) Bruce, C. (Producer) & Gigliotti, D. (Producer) NARRATOR: The first broadcast of Monday Night Football in 1970 marked a turning point in the game's popularity and its revenues. NARRATOR: The committee members believed Dr. McKee could not answer two important questions. NARRATOR: It was young's seventh concussion. ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. Are you interested?" Nobody knows that at this point in time. Dr. JULIAN BAILES: I was not the bearer of good news, probably, in many people's minds. DOCUMENT: "has determined that Mr. Webster is currently totally and permanently disabled.". It was happening to every player in every collision sport. How many NFL players are suffering concussions every season? Like, he didn't have that stamina physically. They were offering "peanuts," as one person said. Is he from outer space? HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: These players come down with dementia. If I had not been told his age, I would say he looked like 70. It was a new understanding that, "Hey, you know, this might be bigger than we think.". PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: Goodell is asked point-blank if he stands by the idea that concussions don't hurt pro football players. But he doesn't know anything about football. The Chegg Writing APA citation generator will show you the elements, guides formats. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Though the league previously, through Greg Aiello, acknowledged a link, there's no more acknowledging a link exists. NARRATOR: On this day, the commissioner would take a front row seat to listen to the best medical minds in the league. NARRATOR: And buried in the documents, a stunning admission by the league's board football can cause brain disease. Jim Gilmore These are questions, not statements of fact. I mean, he had florid disease. NARRATOR: Some researchers say Dr. McKee has examined only a limited sample of players and too few brains to justify her conclusions. PAM WEBSTER, Wife: Mike wasn't Mike. You know, these all look like they could be frontal temporal dementia." NARRATOR: As the news broke, the question emerged did CTE play a part in Junior Seau's death? LISA McHALE: I never hesitated to be public with Tom's findings because I was so fully blown away to know that Tom could have had the kind of injury he had to his brain and that it could have been caused by football. and And they're going to be football players. BENNET OMALU, M.D., Neuropathologist: I was not aware of it. In-text: (The FRONTLINE Interview: Dr. Bennet Omalu - League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis - FRONTLINE, 2015) Your Bibliography: FRONTLINE. I mean, he just walks out of the room, and he takes his empty brain briefcase and he gets back on the plane, and he goes back to San Francisco without having any success. I look at brains. 2015. STEVE FAINARU: There's almost a Darwinian quality about the NFL. Th edition 1 1 site that hosts the page, followed By a pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. And the NFL's message was, "Sorry. And his face brightened and we celebrated again. houston social media influencer Space Is Ace Kindness Over Everything Monsters. Hell, I don't know what I'm saying. Your pride's gone. Frontline : Juvenile Justice. All this security is gone. Now, Borland is known as the most dangerous man in football, a powerful voice in the NFL's concussion crisis. But one night, in a private meeting, he brought his CTE slides and finally met face to face with one of the NFL's doctors. NARRATOR: Once one of Pittsburgh's greatest football heroes, Webster began living out of a pickup truck. In a special two-hour investigation, FRONTLINE reveals the hidden story of the NFL and brain injuries. And that is not scientifically valid data. FRED SMERLAS, Buffalo Bills, 1979-89: Well, Webby would hit you with his head first. Having said that, I still think it's something that we need to be concerned about. PETER KEATING, Reporter, ESPN: The closer you look, the less this holds up. And it's impacting the way the brain is working, and ultimately, erupting in issues around memory, agitation, anger. Search the physical and online collections at UW-Madison, UW System libraries, and the Wisconsin Historical Society. LEIGH STEINBERG: This is the commissioner of the NFL saying that there's no concussion issue. He was a leader on the team. NARRATOR: For Webster and others on the field, physical injuries went with the territory. JULIAN BAILES, M.D., Team Neurosurgeon, Steelers, 1988-97: For the most part, people didn't want to believe it's true. ROBERT STERN, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist, Boston University: In football, one has to expect that almost every play of every game and every practice, they're going to be hitting their heads against each other. Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. They were now research partners. of Pittsburgh Medical Ctr. NARRATOR: In the early 1990s, Steinberg represented one of football's top stars, Dallas quarterback Troy Aikman. We don't know. ESPN, where we work, their new contract with the NFL is worth almost $2 billion year. Unfortunately, it cost us everything. That's really what is happening here, right? And what I like is he wants to get up off the ground. The National Football League, a multibillion-dollar commercial juggernaut, presides over America's indisputable national pastime. I think the fault of the paper was, it was maybe too early to be making those statements based on a fairly small sample of players, which is the major criticism of the study which I think is a valid one. MARK FAINARU-WADA: There's no admission whatsoever of guilt by the league. Chris Borland, a rookie linebacker for the San Francisco 49ers, said that while he's in good health now, he's concerned about his future. STEVE FAINARU: You have the commissioner of the NFL who's being hauled before Congress to answer why his own research arm has been denying since 1994 that football causes brain damage, when everybody from The New York Times to former NFL players, to the respected research scientists are saying, in fact, the opposite is true. Dr. BENNET OMALU: Because after I looked at it over and over and over and over, I was convinced this was something. NARRATOR: Omalu started at the feet and worked his way up. An investigation of the health crisis threatening NFL players and the long-term fortunes of football. The pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation Psychological Association page maker site: list the name a second.. Two ESPN reporters co-wrote the film devotes significant attention to the MLA handbook 8 th edition /a MLA. Snickers commercial PBS Frontline special League of Denial . That's the sacrifice that you take to play this game. An accompanying bookwritten by ESPN investigative reporters (and brothers) Mark Fainaru-Wada and . And so the image of the situation to most fans is that the NFL got taken to task for the concussion problem, OK? NARRATOR: The meeting had changed nothing. And what he gets from Greg Aiello, the league spokesman, is more denials. NARRATOR: Nowinski began to have violent nightmares and migraine headaches. ALAN SCHWARZ, The New York Times: Documents were passed to me at Smith and Wollensky's in Manhattan, in an envelope. STEVE FAINARU: It was quite obvious what they were doing. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He ends up at one point representing 21 quarterbacks in the 21 starting quarterbacks in the NFL one year. It really was a turning point. NARRATOR: As the concussion crisis deepened, the commissioner faced yet another challenge, a lawsuit brought by more than 4,500 retired players. PETER KEATING, ESPN Reporter: Good PR is one part of the NFL strategy. I believe in empirically determined, scientifically valid data. NARRATOR: Over the years, he became increasingly confused. It goes awry. ANNOUNCER: And the future opponents are going to have some trouble! He said, "But I haven't slept nothing." NARRATOR: Then just one month later, in Chicago, a dramatic gesture from Commissioner Goodell. PRODUCED BY KEVIN GUSKIEWICZ, Ph.D., NFL Head, Neck and Spine Cmte. NARRATOR: Omalu submitted another paper to Neurosurgery, this one about Terry Long. And she's told she's not allowed to enter the room. There was no recognition that anything was caused by football. ALAN SCHWARZ: And I said, "Greg, you realize that's the first time that anyone associated with the league has made that connection." NARRATOR: Dr. Omalu wanted to fix the brain, preserve it in a chemical bath for further study. NARRATOR: Seau was one of the most popular players and out of the league for only two years. No one from the NFL talked to. NARRATOR: Webster's final application for disability contained over 100 pages and the definitive diagnosis of his doctors football had caused Webster's dementia. We don't know the cause and effect. He's at the 45! He was taking on something that was bigger than him. I mean, we battled in there, and this is what this is the result of it right here, sitting right here looking at you. BROADCAST DIRECTOR: 15 seconds to air. NFL sensation Chris Borland was known as a fearless player, but after just one season he retired because he was afraid of head injuries. It looks as almost as if he's out cold. He's going to go! Dr. BENNET OMALU: I said, "Let me fix this brain. ANNOUNCER: You see it right here. ", Dr. HENRY FEUER: I you know,I don't know why she feels that way. ALAN SCHWARZ: They refused to listen to people who didn't share their opinions about the research, and it was very much, you know, putting a stake in the ground saying everybody else is wrong. CHRIS NOWINSKI, Co-Director, BU CTE Center: I remember at one point, one of the NFL doctors asking, you know, "Couldn't you be misdiagnosing this? NARRATOR: But now the league might face huge lawsuits and a tarnished image if Dr. McKee's findings about CTE held up. New: 87 Deceased NFL Players Test Positive for Brain Disease, Study of Former NFL Players Shows Risks for Brain from Youth Football, NFL Concussion Settlement Wins Final Approval from Judge, Top NFL Rookie to Retire, Citing Concussion Risk, Questions Over Brain Disease Again Stymie NFL Concussion Settlement. MARK FAINARU-WADA: He's a Nigerian-born, incredibly well-educated guy. He's he's up in the autopsy room." So yes, I think that was probably what was driving the suggestion that "Let's have NIH get involved.". STEVE FAINARU: Julian Bailes got up and talked about Omalu's work. The Steelers have their receivers in, Stallworth on the left, 82, Swann 88 on the right. APA Activity 2: Citing Practice Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee soon had three brains, all with CTE. NARRATOR: Back in the lab, McKee had seen another surprising case. MARK FAINARU-WADA: She's learned a little bit about the work that had previously been done in this issue by Omalu and others, and she's eager to find some brains. NARRATOR: Webster's death certificate made Omalu suspect he may have suffered from a brain disorder. I'm just saying the things we do to one another, OK. And you know, I got a lot of email about it. Game time! NARRATOR: Also on the panel, Nowinski's other star, Lisa McHale. STEVE FAINARU: About 200 people are gathered there, and running the show is Ira Casson. This was showing what the findings were. We're not going to help you.". A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. GINA SEAU: I can understand where certain groups are saying, "Wow. We'd like you to participate. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: With what we know about the youth brain compared with the adult brain, that it's more easily disrupted than the adult brain the youth brain is lighter in weight, so it has less inertia to put it in motion, so you tap a youth head, and his brain moves much quicker than an adult brain that's heavier and therefore has more inertia. ROBERT CANTU, M.D., Neurosurgeon, BU CTE Center: No one, I think, would have thought that you were going to find chronic traumatic encephalopathy in a high school athlete. 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