Just like yaml, you may occasionally need to convert a string which happens to be in CSV form into JSON, and this can be done via the csv keyword. Karate framework is developed by Peter Thomas employed at Intuit. There are multiple Karate API testing examples we are going to show you in this series. To create paginated pdf document from the page loaded. e.g. { id: { domain: "DOM", type: "entityId", value: "#ignore" }, Once you get a result, you typically use it to set global variables. Karate has the following short-cut symbols designed to be mixed into embedded expressions: For completeness, == and != also belong in the above list. Only 1 import is needed, and instead of a class-level annotation, you use a nice DRY and fluent-api to express which tests and tags you want to use. ] The standard locator syntax is supported. """, # yaml from a file (the extension matters), and the data-type of 'bar' would be JSON, """ For example, it offers API testing, API testing doubles, and API performance testing all in one framework. Note: In GET API request, we do not need to provide the body (payload). Refer to the section on dynamic port numbers for an example. This is useful in any situation where you need to concatenate dynamic string fragments to form content such as GraphQL or SQL. 'put', # if you have dynamic keys you can do this, # enable ssl (and no certificate is required), # enable ssl and force the algorithm to TLSv1.2, # time-out if the response is not received within 10 seconds (after the connection is established), # set the uri of the http proxy server to use, https://user:password@zalenium.net/wd/hub, # if this was in karate-config.js, it would apply "globally", # enable X509 certificate authentication with PKCS12 file 'certstore.pfx' and password 'certpassword', # trust all server certificates, in the feature file, // trust all server certificates, global configuration in 'karate-config.js', # add new keys. In the example below, note the use of the karate.get() helper for getting the value of a dynamic variable (which was not set at the time this JS function was declared). karate.appendTo(keys, x); If you want to use JUnit 4, use karate-junit4 instead of karate-junit5. This is sometimes needed to slow down keystrokes, especially when there is a lot of JavaScript or security-validation behind the scenes. return 'this text will be displayed to the user when they click the rebase button' When you have a runner class in place, it would be possible to run it from the command-line as well. Here is an example: Any Karate variable will be available to the template, which is users.html in this example. Refer to polling.feature for an example, and also see the alternative way to achieve polling. And similarly - for specifying the HTTP proxy. : * param myparam = 'value' or url: * url 'http://example.com/v1?myparam'. Notice that in the above example, string values within the table need to be enclosed in quotes. Powerful JSON & XML declarations are built-in, and you can run tests in parallel for speed. So when you use the combination of callonce in a Background, you can indeed get the same effect as using a @BeforeClass annotation, and you can find examples in the karate-demo, such as this one: callonce.feature. Also note how the Background will run 4 times (twice per Scenario). Do note that if you prefer a pure Java API - Karate has that covered, and with far more capabilities. You can do so by setting the charset to null via the configure keyword: If you need headers to be dynamically generated for each HTTP request, use a JavaScript function with configure headers instead of JSON. Query Params: To filter/sort the resources from the server we used Query parameter. While this sounds dangerous and should be used with care (and limits readability), the reason this feature exists is to quickly set (or over-write) a bunch of config variables when needed. 1. The same concept applies to XML and you can build complicated payloads from scratch in just a few, extremely readable lines. One way to appreciate Karates approach is to think over what it takes to add a new environment-dependent variable (e.g. myInt + ''), in some rare cases, you may need to convert a string to a number. Get all my courses for USD 5.99/Month - https://bit.ly/all-courses-subscriptionIn this Karate UI Automation Tutorial, we will learn how to switch browser tab. If you use commas (instead of concatenating strings using +), Karate will pretty-print variables, which is what you typically want when dealing with JSON or XML. The example below combines this with the advanced features described above. Here is an example that combines the table keyword with calling a *.feature. You can imagine how this greatly simplifies setting up tests for boundary conditions. By now, it should be clear that JsonPath can be very useful for extracting JSON trees out of a given object. A common requirement is to build an array with n elements or do something n times where n is an integer (that could even be a variable reference). } This is useful because the moment you use a wildcard [*] or search filter in JsonPath (see the next section), you get an array back - even though typically you would only be interested in the first item. Valid options are, The number of bits used to encode each pixel, The maximum size on the smallest dimension before downsampling. You have the option to adjust the scope of the match, and here are examples: Note that {:4} can be used as a short-cut instead of {*:4}. If a handler function (returning a boolean) is provided - it will be used to complete the listen wait if true is returned. For convenience, a string contains match is used. The responseCookies variable is set upon any HTTP response and is a map-like (or JSON-like) object. The built-in karate object is explained in detail later, but for now, note that this is also injected into print (and even assert) statements, and it has a helpful pretty method, that takes a JSON argument and a prettyXml method that deals with XML. scriptAll() can take a third argument which has to be a JavaScript predicate function, that returns a boolean true or false. The following table summarizes some key differences between Cucumber and Karate. Also note that you dont use @Karate.Test for the method, and you just use the normal JUnit 5 @Test annotation. Make sure you call go() at the end - if the last method in the chain is not click() or up(). You can also re-use other *.feature files from test-scripts: When a called feature depends on some side-by-side resources such as JSON or JS files, you can use the this: prefix to ensure that relative paths work correctly - because by default Karate calculates relative paths from the root feature or the top-most caller. You signal that a submit is expected by calling the submit() function (which returns a Driver object) and then chaining the action that is expected to trigger a page load. It may be easier for you to use the Karate Maven archetype to create a skeleton project with one command. Refer to conditional logic for more ideas. If the second HTTP call above expects headers to be set by my-headers.js - which in turn depends on the authToken variable being updated, you will need to duplicate the line * configure headers = read('classpath:my-headers.js') from the caller feature here as well. GET Example 2: In the Given section we are using path/query parameter. What started as a powerful, scriptable framework combining API and UI test automation, is adopted as a best-practice today - in teams around the world. This below declares that the native (direct) Chrome integration should be used, on both Mac OS and Windows - from the default installed location. There are two things that can happen to the returned value. }] - Mix API and UI test-automation. c Because Karate strips trailing slashes if part of a path parameter, if you want to append a forward-slash to the end of the URL in the final HTTP request - make sure that the last path is a single /. And if you have a Scenario Outline, this happens for every row in the Examples. Otherwise they would be evaluated as expressions - which does come in useful for some dynamic data-driven situations: Yes, you can even nest chunks of JSON in tables, and things work as you would expect. function() { For placeholder-substitution, the replace keyword can be used instead, but with the advantage that the text can be read from a file or dynamically created. PUT method in HTTP is used to update the resources on the server. But this time, the return value from the call step will be a JSON array of the same size as the input array. Since a scroll() + click() (or input()) is a common combination, you can chain these: This returns an instance of Mouse on which you can chain actions. bar: 'world' You can also compare images using Karate path prefixes (e.g. See also responseStatus if you want to do some complex assertions against the HTTP status code. This approach can certainly enable product-owners or domain-experts who are not programmer-folk, to review, and even collaborate on test-scenarios and scripts. And you can consider a driverTarget approach for complex needs such as using a Docker container for CI. After you have switched, any future actions such as click() would operate within the selected